|
The tangent piano is a very rare keyboard instrument that resembles a harpsichord and early pianos in design. It normally features five octaves of keys and the strings are acted upon by narrow wooden or metal slips when the keys are depressed. ==History== In 1440, Arnault de Zwolle described what is believed to be the first keyboard instrument which used a tangent action. It is speculated that this was a clavichord or harpsichord. Pantaleon Hebenstreit is credited with the creation in 1705 of the first tangent piano. Christoph Gottlieb Schroter claimed that he invented the new tangent piano by letting blank harpsichord jacks hit the strings, also incorporating dampers into the action. A famous early piano maker, Gottfried Silbermann, was making 'pantaleons' by 1727. The Germans gave another name to the pantaleon, the ''Tangentenflügel'' and the English 'tangent piano.' In 1777, Mozart referred to the tangent piano as the "Spattisches Klavier," after the maker of tangent pianos, Spath. Other names included the Italian ''cembalo angelico'', and the French ''clavecin harmonieux et celeste''. This is all evidence that the tangent piano spread throughout Europe. By the earliest decade of the 19th century, Spath tangent pianos were sent all over the globe and given a wide 6 octave range, which enabled it to compete with the piano. At the same time, the fortepiano began to eclipse the harpsichord and clavichord as the keyboard instrument of choice. The creation of the tangent piano, and the fortepiano, was a result of an attempt to remedy the lack of dynamics in harpsichord sound. Both the tangent piano and fortepiano offered a variety of sound that was appealing to the changes in classical music, which featured more expressiveness and intensity than the harpsichord could offer. The tangent piano had a short life in popularity, and dropped off somewhere in the late 18th century or early 19th century. The fortepiano, however, buried the harpsichord in popularity by 1800. It then slowly evolved to the massive modern iron-framed giant of 88 keys. The tangent piano's popularity lasted for such a short time that very little music was written for it. It is possible that Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach's keyboard concerti were written for this instrument or for the fortepiano. In either case, the tangent piano is an appropriate choice for the keyboard instrument in the concerti. In addition, other sons of the famous German composer Johann Sebastian Bach wrote pieces expressly for the tangent piano. Miklos Spanyi recently released a recording for them on the tangent piano ((Recording with MP3 samples featuring the Tangent Piano )). Today are around twenty intact tangent pianos still existent. In 2006 a tangent piano was discovered in the estate of Johann Esaias von Seidel in Sulzbach-Rosenberg in its original state.〔(Historisches Tangentenklavier entdeckt - 200 Jahre altes Klavier erklingt erstmals in der Öffentlichkeit ) Klassik.com August 24th 2012 (in German)〕 After extensive restoration it was presented to the public in the course of a concert by Christoph Hammer and Sylvia Ackermann in 2012. 〔(Unerhörte Dimensionen von Musik entlockt - Prof. Hammer und Sylvia Ackermann beim zweiten Präsentations-Konzert des Tangentenflügels im Seidel-Saal ), Sulzbach-Rosenberger Zeitung, September 7th 2012 (in German)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tangent piano」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|